Festival Fever

Creative Scotland's latest advert proudly boasts that Alba is "a festival nation, every day of the year." Certainly, the festival has become the model for performance programming over the past few years: New Territories might have done, but even the mundane season programming of venues like Tramway has the characteristics of festival booking. Themes, related artists, clear connections between different strands and, inevitably, the overall branding. Glasgow has been the festival city for a decade, and Edinburgh even has festivals outside of August.

The festival model makes a considerable amount of economic sense. The support of Glasgow Film Festival by Glasgow City Council's marketing branch is explicitly intended to attract more tourists into the city: the superb Minimal festival allows Svend Brown to attract major composers and orchestras into the city for a weekend of fun for the same sort of cost as a single concert. The Edinburgh International Festival is an established name across the world, and the Fringe is in a symbiotic relationship with its curated parent. A bunch of events sharing an identity is more marketable - it saves on the advertising when only one poster is needed to sell several events.

Then there is the aesthetic advantages. A festival offers the chance for audiences to see what other work matches their interests, or take risks on new art that they have not tried. From a critical point of view, the chance to consider performances not in isolation but as part of broader movements is exciting: the atmosphere around the GFF, the Fringe or manipulate can encourage a more rounded study of an art.


Manipulate, the annual festival of "visual theatre" which has expanded this year from its base in the Traverse to delve into Fife, nip up to Aberdeen, pop over to Glasgow and head south to Norwich, concentrates on a theatrical form which is often under-represented. Artistic director Simon Hart has become an articulate and popular advocate of drama that has roots in object manipulation but is more excited by breaking boundaries.

Apart from providing an introduction to the diversity of forms within the form, manipulate has transformed Puppet Animation Scotland into a dynamic force for change: not only supporting emerging artists but bringing the best of the world into Edinburgh. By having a fortnight of events, manipulate can cover the local (Vox Motus' Slick) alongside the international (Stuffed Puppet Theatre, Cloud Eye Control) and cover the trends and innovations in a context that even helps to define the difficult notion of "visual theatre."

The energy of Celtic Connections - originally instituted to combat the limited arts programme in January - follows a similar pattern, introducing the new wave of folk alongside veterans. The Glasgow Film Festival has retained an audience rather than industry focus, matching the popular (Jimmy Cagney retrospective) and the experimental (Crossing the Line strand).

The festival might represent a defensive response to the triple dip recession (or whatever it is calling itself at the moment), a circling of wagons to share responsibility between companies and venues and promotors for protecting the art. Equally, it may well be the battering ram to break through into the public consciousness.