As I flutter around a broader analysis of
Scotland’s performance landscape, I am starting to realise that some of the
questions I need to ask are economic. The plethora of works in progress, or the
alliance of various productions within a festival format, are perhaps the result of the specific economic conditions of 2013. My complaints that they don't represent a full range of possible performance presentations, or that they are a form of aesthetic cowardice, are undermined by the likelihood that they are the result of financial constraints.
Aside from my prejudice against Marxism, it has a fairly coherent attitude towards art. All art is created from the economic base. Art made in a capitalist society will embody capitalist values. Both Maria Miller's speech on the importance of art that has a financial return and Rob Drummond's sarcastic response in The Riot of Spring share a common foundation. Perhaps that's what David Cameron meant when he said "we are all Thatcherites, now."
Applying this hypothesis is to go beyond the simple idea that the level of funding dictates the nature of the performance. It suggests that any message contained within the work will be part of the broader message of the society that has created and observed it.
In other words, be as leftist as you like, chump. You are still on message.
Unfortunately, I don't like to discuss the money. That's mainly because I don't really understand how wealth is created. I have a vague idea that it is something to do with the equation involving human activity and natural resources. I do have a good conspiracy theory, instead.
Let's assume that there is a consciousness behind the monstrous display of global capitalism. I'll call it Leviathan, and make it very clear that it is not the Elders of Zion, the Freemasons or the Rotary Club. It's a philosophical postulate that has no ontological basis, also known as a metaphor.
This consciousness has some kind of purpose: survival, I guess. And part of its survival is to make people work hard for its benefit. It has its benevolent moods, but every so often, it needs to remind the people who is the boss.
So it decides that it is time for s credit crunch. There needs to be too little money to do around. It pretends that there is scarcity. Being a Leviathan, it controls the media, and tells that to put out the message that cash is tight.
Then it cuts arts funding, convincing the artists that the credit crunch is real.
At this point, the artists start to get interested in poverty, and DIY, and leftist politics. They make work that expresses their anger at the state, at the stock market, at the arts minister who has such a dry vision of creative value.
Being artists, they witness more than suggest solutions. A piece like Chalk Farm doesn't have an answer to the problems of alienation, but it does represent a certain experience. And this experience is made more real by being in fiction.
(If you let the Leviathan metaphor pass, that last sentence will have to wait...)
So, while the art appears to be against the dominant ideology, it actually reinforces its power to dictate the agenda.
NW3
ReplyDeleteThese are deep questions. I've been thinking about them for a couple of days since I read your blogpost.
ReplyDeleteI think you're too harsh on the Marxist critique of art. I would say that - I'm a Marxist.
You say that all art under capitalism reflects capitalist values and I'd agree with to an extent.
But art today isn't just a creation of the capitalist epoch we're living in. It embodies all of human culture, from pre-historic times onwards. And throughout that long history, humanity has passed through different modes of production, each of them with different values. Values around ideal love in ancient Greece were different from values of ideal love in medieval Scotland. But those values can and do influence art and artists today.
And more than that, a different kind of society - a communist society made up of a free association of humans - can only be born out of this present capitalist society. It can't appear from nowhere. So the values of that society are here already, although present in deformed ways because - although we can imagine and fight for a different world - we can't escape the one we're actually in.
Artists can be conscious of all these values in their work, or not. But they influence them. Art is a form of communication - all be it a weird one at ones. And communication is a social pheonomenon. The artist only exists in society.
I don't know about there being a consciousness in capitalist society. Capital itself is a human creation, that exists separately from us, but rules us at the same time. Marx called it dead labour that only lives - vampire-like - by sucking the life from living labour. It's a process and a social pheonomen, but it's thing-like and without consciousness.
But humans have consciousness, and I suppose the ruling ideology - that this mode of production is normal and natural and unchanging and unchangeable - approximates to your Leviathan consciousness?
I don't think that ideology 'decided' there was going to be a credit crunch though. I think that's to do with the internal contradictions of capitalist economic development - and as I said, I think capital is thing-like and without consciousness. The ideology kicks in after the credit crunch, making sure that the rulers aren't the ones who pay for it.
So I'm not sure about your final point. Does art always end up reinforcing that ideology? I don't think it has to. I think it can do, but - either consciously or unconsciously - artists can communicate ideas that oppose it.
Anyroad - really interesting Gareth. Thanks very much for getting me thinking.
Thank you for taking the time to reply! I really appreciate it. And you are right: I am always too harsh on Marxism. Especially since I use most of its theories to try and make sense of the relationship between art and politics. I admit that I foreground my (slightly theatrical) antagonism so that people like you, who have thought about it more than I have, might reply and force me to think harder. Again, thank you... and I hope the conversation continues.
ReplyDelete